// A concept model in metres. Connection dimensions are illustrative. const timberSide = 0.300; const beamLength = 1.450; const nodeHalf = 0.170; const socketDepth = 0.290; const plate = 0.012; const throatHalf = 0.153; const boreRadius = 0.012; const boltRadius = 0.010; const drillStations = [0.125, 0.225]; const wood = '#b77b47'; const steel = '#3a4857'; const fixing = '#98a9bc'; const outwardFaces = [[3,2,1,0],[4,5,6,7],[0,1,5,4],[1,2,6,5],[2,3,7,6],[3,0,4,7]]; function body(name, color, module) { return {type:'MESH',name,color,module,vertices:[],faces:[]}; } function block(mesh, x0, x1, y0, y1, z0, z1) { const first = mesh.vertices.length; for (const z of [z0,z1]) { mesh.vertices.push([x0,y0,z],[x1,y0,z],[x1,y1,z],[x0,y1,z]); } for (const face of outwardFaces) mesh.faces.push(face.map(i => i+first)); } const segments = 8; const angles = Array.from({length:segments},(_,i) => i*Math.PI*2/segments); // A rectangular bar or plate with round through-bores along local Y. // The side faces are cut into small patches around each bore. function drilledSolid(mesh, x0, x1, y0, y1, z0, z1, holes) { const first = mesh.vertices.length; const corner = [[x0,z0],[x1,z0],[x1,z1],[x0,z1]]; for (const y of [y0,y1]) for (const [x,z] of corner) mesh.vertices.push([x,y,z]); for (let i=0;i<4;i++) { const a=first+i,b=first+(i+1)%4; mesh.faces.push([a,a+4,b+4,b]); } const halfPatch=0.022; for (const y of [y0,y1]) { function flat(points) { const start=mesh.vertices.length; mesh.vertices.push(...points.map(([x,z])=>[x,y,z])); const face=points.map((_,i)=>start+i); mesh.faces.push(y===y0?face:face.reverse()); } function rect(a,b,c,d) { if (b>a && d>c) flat([[a,c],[b,c],[b,d],[a,d]]); } rect(x0,x1,z0,-halfPatch); rect(x0,x1,halfPatch,z1); let last=x0; for (const x of holes) { rect(last,x-halfPatch,-halfPatch,halfPatch); last=x+halfPatch; const perimeter=angles.map(angle=>{ const u=Math.cos(angle),v=Math.sin(angle),extent=halfPatch/Math.max(Math.abs(u),Math.abs(v)); return [[x+u*extent,v*extent],[x+u*boreRadius,v*boreRadius]]; }); for (const [i,[a,b]] of perimeter.entries()) { const [c,d]=perimeter[(i+1)%segments]; flat([a,c,d,b]); } } rect(last,x1,-halfPatch,halfPatch); } for (const x of holes) tubeWall(mesh,x,y0,y1,boreRadius,segments,false); } function tubeWall(mesh,x,y0,y1,radius,sides,capped) { const start=mesh.vertices.length; for (const y of [y0,y1]) for (let i=0;istart+i)); mesh.faces.push(Array.from({length:sides},(_,i)=>start+2*sides-1-i)); } } function transform(mesh, orientation, arm, slide=0) { mesh.vertices = mesh.vertices.map(([x,y,z])=>{ const p = arm===0 ? [x+slide,y,z] : [-y,x+slide,z]; return (orientation==='knee' ? [p[0],p[2],-p[1]] : p).map(n=>Number(n.toFixed(6))); }); return mesh; } function connector() { const mesh=body('Welded box elbow',steel,'Steel elbow'); const h=nodeHalf,i=h-plate; block(mesh,-h,h,-h,h,-h,-i); block(mesh,-h,h,-h,h,i,h); for (const sign of [-1,1]) { const [a,b]=sign<0?[-h,-i]:[i,h]; block(mesh,a,b,-h,h,-i,i); block(mesh,-i,i,a,b,-i,i); } return mesh; } function socket(name) { const mesh=body(name,steel,'Steel elbow'); const a=nodeHalf,b=nodeHalf+socketDepth,h=throatHalf+plate; const holes=drillStations.map(d=>a+d); drilledSolid(mesh,a,b,-h,-throatHalf,-throatHalf,throatHalf,holes); drilledSolid(mesh,a,b,throatHalf,h,-throatHalf,throatHalf,holes); block(mesh,a,b,-h,h,-h,-throatHalf); block(mesh,a,b,-h,h,throatHalf,h); return mesh; } function beam(name) { const mesh=body(name,wood,'300 × 300 glulam'); const start=nodeHalf,end=start+beamLength,h=timberSide/2; const holes=[...drillStations.map(d=>start+d),...drillStations.toReversed().map(d=>end-d)]; drilledSolid(mesh,start,end,-h,h,-h,h,holes); return mesh; } function bolts(name, exploded) { const mesh=body(name,fixing,'Through-bolts'); const h=throatHalf+plate, gap=exploded?.405:0, nutGap=exploded?.072:0; for (const d of drillStations) { const x=nodeHalf+d; tubeWall(mesh,x,-h-.027-gap,h+.025-gap,boltRadius,12,true); tubeWall(mesh,x,-h-.008-gap,-h-gap,.023,16,true); tubeWall(mesh,x,-h-.020-gap,-h-.008-gap,.019,6,true); tubeWall(mesh,x,h+nutGap,h+.008+nutGap,.023,16,true); tubeWall(mesh,x,h+.008+nutGap,h+.020+nutGap,.019,6,true); } return mesh; } function seat(name, sideBearing) { const mesh=body(name,'#788b9c','Bearing shim'); const a=nodeHalf,b=nodeHalf+socketDepth; // In a knee, the horizontal socket bears on a cheek after rotation. if(sideBearing) drilledSolid(mesh,a,b,.15,throatHalf,-.145,.145,drillStations.map(d=>a+d)); else block(mesh,a,b,-.145,.145,-throatHalf,-.15); return mesh; } // Combined with the reviewed timber-joint module by the build. const up = [0,0,1]; const add = (a,b) => a.map((n,i) => n+b[i]); const subtract = (a,b) => a.map((n,i) => n-b[i]); const scale = (a,k) => a.map(n => n*k); const dot = (a,b) => a.reduce((sum,n,i) => sum+n*b[i],0); const cross = ([x,y,z],[a,b,c]) => [y*c-z*b,z*a-x*c,x*b-y*a]; const unit = v => scale(v,1/Math.hypot(...v)); const round = n => Number(n.toFixed(6)); const numbered = (prefix,n) => prefix+String(n).padStart(2,'0'); function place(mesh, origin, x, y, z) { mesh.vertices=mesh.vertices.map(p=>add(origin,add(scale(x,p[0]), add(scale(y,p[1]),scale(z,p[2])))).map(round)); return mesh; } // Retain both bays, the corner coordinates, and the return of the source line. // A seed selects legal depths at the three inside turns of each bay. function layout(seed) { const route=[]; const roof=3.16, base=0.18, lowReturn=0.24; let random=seed; function next() { random=(Math.imul(random,1664525)+1013904223)>>>0; return random/4294967296; } const depths=[0.34,0.56,0.78,1.00]; const push=(x,y,z)=>route.push([round(x),round(y),z]); function bay(sign, from) { for (let i=0;i<6;i+=2) { const x=from*(3-i*1.2), nextX=from*(3-(i+1)*1.2); const inner=sign*depths[Math.floor(next()*depths.length)]; push(x,sign*3,roof); push(x,inner,roof); push(nextX,inner,roof); push(nextX,sign*3,roof); } } push(-3,-3,base); bay(-1,-1); push(3,-3,lowReturn); push(3,3,lowReturn); bay(1,1); push(-3,3,base); return assembleRoute(route); } function assembleRoute(route) { const lowReturn=0.24; const fittings=route.map((center,i)=>{ if (i===0 || i===route.length-1) { return {center,arms:[{x:up,y:[0,1,0],z:[-1,0,0],offset:0}]}; } // Put the horizontal arm first for the column knee so its local cheek // always maps to a horizontal bearing surface after rotation. const arms=[i-1,i+1].map(index=>({index,x:unit(subtract(route[index],center))})); if (arms[0].x[2]!==0) arms.reverse(); const normal=cross(arms[0].x,arms[1].x); return {center,arms:arms.map(arm=>({...arm,y:cross(normal,arm.x),z:normal,offset:nodeHalf}))}; }); const spans=route.slice(1).map((end,i)=>{ const start=route[i]; const a=fittings[i].arms.find(arm=>arm.index===i+1 || arm.index===undefined); const b=fittings[i+1].arms.find(arm=>arm.index===i || arm.index===undefined); const length=round(Math.hypot(...subtract(end,start))-a.offset-b.offset); if(length<2*socketDepth+.075) throw Error('The sockets need more room at '+numbered('B',i+1)+'.'); return {id:numbered('B',i+1),start:add(start,scale(a.x,a.offset)),end:add(end,scale(b.x,b.offset)), length,x:a.x,boltsA:a.y,boltsB:b.y, usage:a.x[2]!==0 && Math.min(start[2],end[2])<1?'Column': start[2]===lowReturn && end[2]===lowReturn?'Low side return':'Canopy'}; }); return {route,fittings,spans}; } function timber(span) { const mesh=body(span.id+' · Glulam '+Math.round(span.length*1000)+' mm',wood,'300 × 300 glulam'); const {x,boltsA,boltsB,start,length}=span; const h=timberSide/2; const startHoles=drillStations; const endHoles=drillStations.toReversed().map(d=>length-d); if (Math.abs(dot(boltsA,boltsB))>.5) { drilledSolid(mesh,0,length,-h,h,-h,h,[...startHoles,...endHoles]); return place(mesh,start,x,boltsA,cross(x,boltsA)); } // Keep the drill stations at each end while indexing the bore face 90°. const middle=length/2; drilledSolid(mesh,0,middle,-h,h,-h,h,startHoles); mesh.faces.splice(1,1); place(mesh,start,x,boltsA,cross(x,boltsA)); const second=body('second half',wood,mesh.module); drilledSolid(second,middle,length,-h,h,-h,h,endHoles); second.faces.splice(3,1); place(second,start,x,boltsB,cross(x,boltsB)); const first=mesh.vertices.length; mesh.vertices.push(...second.vertices); mesh.faces.push(...second.faces.map(face=>face.map(i=>i+first))); return mesh; } function fittingsAt(fitting,i) { const {center,arms,shared,omitCore}=fitting; const id=numbered('J',i+1); const objects=[]; if (arms.length===2 && !omitCore) { const [a,b]=arms; const core=connector(); core.name=id+(shared?' · Shared steel node':' · Welded box elbow'); objects.push(place(core,center,a.x,b.x,a.z)); } for (const [index,arm] of arms.entries()) { const port=id+(index===0?'A':'B'); const origin=add(center,scale(arm.x,arm.offset-nodeHalf)); objects.push(place(socket(port+' · Socket'),origin,arm.x,arm.y,arm.z)); objects.push(place(bolts(port+' · Through-bolts',false),origin,arm.x,arm.y,arm.z)); if (arm.x[2]===0) { const shim=seat(port+' · Bearing shim',Math.abs(arm.y[2])===1); // The shim prototype bears on local -Z or +Y. Rotate it about // the beam when that face points up in the installed orientation. const reverse=arm.z[2]<0 || arm.y[2]>0; objects.push(place(shim,origin,arm.x,scale(arm.y,reverse?-1:1),scale(arm.z,reverse?-1:1))); } } return objects; } function supports(layout) { const last=layout.route.length-1; const feet=[layout.route[0],layout.route.find(p=>p[2]===.24),layout.route.findLast(p=>p[2]===.24),layout.route[last]]; return feet.map(([x,y,z],i)=>{ const shoe=body(numbered('S',i+1)+' · Support pedestal',steel,'Support pedestal'); block(shoe,x-.25,x+.25,y-.25,y+.25,0,.024); block(shoe,x-.115,x+.115,y-.115,y+.115,.024,z-(i===0||i===3?.024:nodeHalf)); if (i===0 || i===3) block(shoe,x-.165,x+.165,y-.165,y+.165,z-.024,z); return shoe; }); } const GUIDE = [[-3,-3,0],[-3,-3,2.4],[-3,-2.972,2.609],[-3,-2.89,2.777],[-3,-2.752,2.904],[-3,-2.558,2.989],[-3,-2.072,3.131],[-3,-1.85,3.183],[-3,-1.627,3.211],[-3,-1.402,3.215],[-3,-1.175,3.194],[-3,-0.479,3.092],[-2.986,-0.383,3.078],[-2.945,-0.315,3.068],[-2.875,-0.274,3.062],[-2.778,-0.26,3.06],[-2.76,-0.26,3.06],[-2.663,-0.274,3.062],[-2.594,-0.315,3.068],[-2.552,-0.383,3.078],[-2.538,-0.479,3.092],[-2.538,-1.175,3.194],[-2.538,-1.402,3.215],[-2.538,-1.627,3.211],[-2.538,-1.85,3.183],[-2.538,-2.072,3.131],[-2.538,-2.787,2.922],[-2.525,-2.88,2.895],[-2.483,-2.947,2.876],[-2.414,-2.987,2.864],[-2.317,-3,2.86],[-2.298,-3,2.86],[-2.202,-2.987,2.864],[-2.132,-2.947,2.876],[-2.091,-2.88,2.895],[-2.077,-2.787,2.922],[-2.077,-2.072,3.131],[-2.077,-1.85,3.183],[-2.077,-1.627,3.211],[-2.077,-1.402,3.215],[-2.077,-1.175,3.194],[-2.077,-0.479,3.092],[-2.063,-0.383,3.078],[-2.022,-0.315,3.068],[-1.952,-0.274,3.062],[-1.855,-0.26,3.06],[-1.837,-0.26,3.06],[-1.74,-0.274,3.062],[-1.671,-0.315,3.068],[-1.629,-0.383,3.078],[-1.615,-0.479,3.092],[-1.615,-1.175,3.194],[-1.615,-1.402,3.215],[-1.615,-1.627,3.211],[-1.615,-1.85,3.183],[-1.615,-2.072,3.131],[-1.615,-2.787,2.922],[-1.602,-2.88,2.895],[-1.56,-2.947,2.876],[-1.491,-2.987,2.864],[-1.394,-3,2.86],[-1.375,-3,2.86],[-1.278,-2.987,2.864],[-1.209,-2.947,2.876],[-1.168,-2.88,2.895],[-1.154,-2.787,2.922],[-1.154,-2.072,3.131],[-1.154,-1.85,3.183],[-1.154,-1.627,3.211],[-1.154,-1.402,3.215],[-1.154,-1.175,3.194],[-1.154,-0.479,3.092],[-1.14,-0.383,3.078],[-1.098,-0.315,3.068],[-1.029,-0.274,3.062],[-0.932,-0.26,3.06],[-0.914,-0.26,3.06],[-0.817,-0.274,3.062],[-0.748,-0.315,3.068],[-0.706,-0.383,3.078],[-0.692,-0.479,3.092],[-0.692,-1.175,3.194],[-0.692,-1.402,3.215],[-0.692,-1.627,3.211],[-0.692,-1.85,3.183],[-0.692,-2.072,3.131],[-0.692,-2.787,2.922],[-0.678,-2.88,2.895],[-0.637,-2.947,2.876],[-0.568,-2.987,2.864],[-0.471,-3,2.86],[-0.452,-3,2.86],[-0.355,-2.987,2.864],[-0.286,-2.947,2.876],[-0.245,-2.88,2.895],[-0.231,-2.787,2.922],[-0.231,-2.072,3.131],[-0.231,-1.85,3.183],[-0.231,-1.627,3.211],[-0.231,-1.402,3.215],[-0.231,-1.175,3.194],[-0.231,-0.479,3.092],[-0.217,-0.383,3.078],[-0.175,-0.315,3.068],[-0.106,-0.274,3.062],[-0.009,-0.26,3.06],[0.009,-0.26,3.06],[0.106,-0.274,3.062],[0.175,-0.315,3.068],[0.217,-0.383,3.078],[0.231,-0.479,3.092],[0.231,-1.175,3.194],[0.231,-1.402,3.215],[0.231,-1.627,3.211],[0.231,-1.85,3.183],[0.231,-2.072,3.131],[0.231,-2.787,2.922],[0.245,-2.88,2.895],[0.286,-2.947,2.876],[0.355,-2.987,2.864],[0.452,-3,2.86],[0.471,-3,2.86],[0.568,-2.987,2.864],[0.637,-2.947,2.876],[0.678,-2.88,2.895],[0.692,-2.787,2.922],[0.692,-2.072,3.131],[0.692,-1.85,3.183],[0.692,-1.627,3.211],[0.692,-1.402,3.215],[0.692,-1.175,3.194],[0.692,-0.479,3.092],[0.706,-0.383,3.078],[0.748,-0.315,3.068],[0.817,-0.274,3.062],[0.914,-0.26,3.06],[0.932,-0.26,3.06],[1.029,-0.274,3.062],[1.098,-0.315,3.068],[1.14,-0.383,3.078],[1.154,-0.479,3.092],[1.154,-1.175,3.194],[1.154,-1.402,3.215],[1.154,-1.627,3.211],[1.154,-1.85,3.183],[1.154,-2.072,3.131],[1.154,-2.787,2.922],[1.168,-2.88,2.895],[1.209,-2.947,2.876],[1.278,-2.987,2.864],[1.375,-3,2.86],[1.394,-3,2.86],[1.491,-2.987,2.864],[1.56,-2.947,2.876],[1.602,-2.88,2.895],[1.615,-2.787,2.922],[1.615,-2.072,3.131],[1.615,-1.85,3.183],[1.615,-1.627,3.211],[1.615,-1.402,3.215],[1.615,-1.175,3.194],[1.615,-0.479,3.092],[1.629,-0.383,3.078],[1.671,-0.315,3.068],[1.74,-0.274,3.062],[1.837,-0.26,3.06],[1.855,-0.26,3.06],[1.952,-0.274,3.062],[2.022,-0.315,3.068],[2.063,-0.383,3.078],[2.077,-0.479,3.092],[2.077,-1.175,3.194],[2.077,-1.402,3.215],[2.077,-1.627,3.211],[2.077,-1.85,3.183],[2.077,-2.072,3.131],[2.077,-2.787,2.922],[2.091,-2.88,2.895],[2.132,-2.947,2.876],[2.202,-2.987,2.864],[2.298,-3,2.86],[2.317,-3,2.86],[2.414,-2.987,2.864],[2.483,-2.947,2.876],[2.525,-2.88,2.895],[2.538,-2.787,2.922],[2.538,-2.072,3.131],[2.538,-1.85,3.183],[2.538,-1.627,3.211],[2.538,-1.402,3.215],[2.538,-1.175,3.194],[2.538,-0.479,3.092],[2.552,-0.383,3.078],[2.594,-0.315,3.068],[2.663,-0.274,3.062],[2.76,-0.26,3.06],[2.778,-0.26,3.06],[2.875,-0.274,3.062],[2.945,-0.315,3.068],[2.986,-0.383,3.078],[3,-0.479,3.092],[3,-1.175,3.194],[3,-1.402,3.215],[3,-1.627,3.211],[3,-1.85,3.183],[3,-2.072,3.131],[3,-2.558,2.989],[3,-2.752,2.904],[3,-2.89,2.777],[3,-2.972,2.609],[3,-3,2.4],[3,-3,0.58],[3,-2.971,0.379],[3,-2.885,0.235],[3,-2.741,0.149],[3,-2.54,0.12],[3,2.54,0.12],[3,2.741,0.149],[3,2.885,0.235],[3,2.971,0.379],[3,3,0.58],[3,3,2.4],[3,2.972,2.609],[3,2.89,2.777],[3,2.752,2.904],[3,2.558,2.989],[3,2.072,3.131],[3,1.85,3.183],[3,1.627,3.211],[3,1.402,3.215],[3,1.175,3.194],[3,0.479,3.092],[2.986,0.383,3.078],[2.945,0.315,3.068],[2.875,0.274,3.062],[2.778,0.26,3.06],[2.76,0.26,3.06],[2.663,0.274,3.062],[2.594,0.315,3.068],[2.552,0.383,3.078],[2.538,0.479,3.092],[2.538,1.175,3.194],[2.538,1.402,3.215],[2.538,1.627,3.211],[2.538,1.85,3.183],[2.538,2.072,3.131],[2.538,2.787,2.922],[2.525,2.88,2.895],[2.483,2.947,2.876],[2.414,2.987,2.864],[2.317,3,2.86],[2.298,3,2.86],[2.202,2.987,2.864],[2.132,2.947,2.876],[2.091,2.88,2.895],[2.077,2.787,2.922],[2.077,2.072,3.131],[2.077,1.85,3.183],[2.077,1.627,3.211],[2.077,1.402,3.215],[2.077,1.175,3.194],[2.077,0.479,3.092],[2.063,0.383,3.078],[2.022,0.315,3.068],[1.952,0.274,3.062],[1.855,0.26,3.06],[1.837,0.26,3.06],[1.74,0.274,3.062],[1.671,0.315,3.068],[1.629,0.383,3.078],[1.615,0.479,3.092],[1.615,1.175,3.194],[1.615,1.402,3.215],[1.615,1.627,3.211],[1.615,1.85,3.183],[1.615,2.072,3.131],[1.615,2.787,2.922],[1.602,2.88,2.895],[1.56,2.947,2.876],[1.491,2.987,2.864],[1.394,3,2.86],[1.375,3,2.86],[1.278,2.987,2.864],[1.209,2.947,2.876],[1.168,2.88,2.895],[1.154,2.787,2.922],[1.154,2.072,3.131],[1.154,1.85,3.183],[1.154,1.627,3.211],[1.154,1.402,3.215],[1.154,1.175,3.194],[1.154,0.479,3.092],[1.14,0.383,3.078],[1.098,0.315,3.068],[1.029,0.274,3.062],[0.932,0.26,3.06],[0.914,0.26,3.06],[0.817,0.274,3.062],[0.748,0.315,3.068],[0.706,0.383,3.078],[0.692,0.479,3.092],[0.692,1.175,3.194],[0.692,1.402,3.215],[0.692,1.627,3.211],[0.692,1.85,3.183],[0.692,2.072,3.131],[0.692,2.787,2.922],[0.678,2.88,2.895],[0.637,2.947,2.876],[0.568,2.987,2.864],[0.471,3,2.86],[0.452,3,2.86],[0.355,2.987,2.864],[0.286,2.947,2.876],[0.245,2.88,2.895],[0.231,2.787,2.922],[0.231,2.072,3.131],[0.231,1.85,3.183],[0.231,1.627,3.211],[0.231,1.402,3.215],[0.231,1.175,3.194],[0.231,0.479,3.092],[0.217,0.383,3.078],[0.175,0.315,3.068],[0.106,0.274,3.062],[0.009,0.26,3.06],[-0.009,0.26,3.06],[-0.106,0.274,3.062],[-0.175,0.315,3.068],[-0.217,0.383,3.078],[-0.231,0.479,3.092],[-0.231,1.175,3.194],[-0.231,1.402,3.215],[-0.231,1.627,3.211],[-0.231,1.85,3.183],[-0.231,2.072,3.131],[-0.231,2.787,2.922],[-0.245,2.88,2.895],[-0.286,2.947,2.876],[-0.355,2.987,2.864],[-0.452,3,2.86],[-0.471,3,2.86],[-0.568,2.987,2.864],[-0.637,2.947,2.876],[-0.678,2.88,2.895],[-0.692,2.787,2.922],[-0.692,2.072,3.131],[-0.692,1.85,3.183],[-0.692,1.627,3.211],[-0.692,1.402,3.215],[-0.692,1.175,3.194],[-0.692,0.479,3.092],[-0.706,0.383,3.078],[-0.748,0.315,3.068],[-0.817,0.274,3.062],[-0.914,0.26,3.06],[-0.932,0.26,3.06],[-1.029,0.274,3.062],[-1.098,0.315,3.068],[-1.14,0.383,3.078],[-1.154,0.479,3.092],[-1.154,1.175,3.194],[-1.154,1.402,3.215],[-1.154,1.627,3.211],[-1.154,1.85,3.183],[-1.154,2.072,3.131],[-1.154,2.787,2.922],[-1.168,2.88,2.895],[-1.209,2.947,2.876],[-1.278,2.987,2.864],[-1.375,3,2.86],[-1.394,3,2.86],[-1.491,2.987,2.864],[-1.56,2.947,2.876],[-1.602,2.88,2.895],[-1.615,2.787,2.922],[-1.615,2.072,3.131],[-1.615,1.85,3.183],[-1.615,1.627,3.211],[-1.615,1.402,3.215],[-1.615,1.175,3.194],[-1.615,0.479,3.092],[-1.629,0.383,3.078],[-1.671,0.315,3.068],[-1.74,0.274,3.062],[-1.837,0.26,3.06],[-1.855,0.26,3.06],[-1.952,0.274,3.062],[-2.022,0.315,3.068],[-2.063,0.383,3.078],[-2.077,0.479,3.092],[-2.077,1.175,3.194],[-2.077,1.402,3.215],[-2.077,1.627,3.211],[-2.077,1.85,3.183],[-2.077,2.072,3.131],[-2.077,2.787,2.922],[-2.091,2.88,2.895],[-2.132,2.947,2.876],[-2.202,2.987,2.864],[-2.298,3,2.86],[-2.317,3,2.86],[-2.414,2.987,2.864],[-2.483,2.947,2.876],[-2.525,2.88,2.895],[-2.538,2.787,2.922],[-2.538,2.072,3.131],[-2.538,1.85,3.183],[-2.538,1.627,3.211],[-2.538,1.402,3.215],[-2.538,1.175,3.194],[-2.538,0.479,3.092],[-2.552,0.383,3.078],[-2.594,0.315,3.068],[-2.663,0.274,3.062],[-2.76,0.26,3.06],[-2.778,0.26,3.06],[-2.875,0.274,3.062],[-2.945,0.315,3.068],[-2.986,0.383,3.078],[-3,0.479,3.092],[-3,1.175,3.194],[-3,1.402,3.215],[-3,1.627,3.211],[-3,1.85,3.183],[-3,2.072,3.131],[-3,2.558,2.989],[-3,2.752,2.904],[-3,2.89,2.777],[-3,2.972,2.609],[-3,3,2.4],[-3,3,0]]; function guideMesh() { const mesh=body('Published serpentine guide','#2244c8','Guide'); for(let i=1;i.9?[1,0,0]:up)),z=cross(x,y); const segment=body('segment',mesh.color,mesh.module); block(segment,0,length,-.012,.012,-.012,.012); place(segment,a,x,y,z); const base=mesh.vertices.length; mesh.vertices.push(...segment.vertices); mesh.faces.push(...segment.faces.map(face=>face.map(v=>v+base))); } return mesh; } // The build binds GUIDE to the published 3D centreline. const step=1; const low=2.76; const high=3.76; const directions=[[1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,-1,0],[0,0,1],[0,0,-1]]; const key=p=>p.join(','); const cell=([x,y,z])=>(x*4+y)*2+z; const bit=p=>1n<a.every((v,i)=>v===b[i]); const axisOf=d=>d.findIndex(n=>n!==0); const world=([x,y,z],sign)=>[sign*(3-x*step),sign*(3-y*step),z?high:low].map(round); const heading=(d,sign)=>[-sign*d[0],-sign*d[1],d[2]].map(round); const toward=(a,b)=>unit(subtract(b,a)).map(round); const start=[0,0,0], goal=[6,0,0]; function field(sign){ const segments=[]; for(let i=1;i1e-10) segments.push({a,d,l2,length:Math.sqrt(l2)}); } return segments; } function steer(a,b,direction,segments){ const [ax,ay,az]=a, [bx,by,bz]=b, [hx,hy,hz]=direction; let score=0; for(const t of [.2,.5,.8]){ const px=ax+t*(bx-ax), py=ay+t*(by-ay), pz=az+t*(bz-az); let closest=Infinity,alignment=0; for(const {a:[x,y,z],d:[dx,dy,dz],l2,length} of segments){ const ox=px-x, oy=py-y, oz=pz-z; const u=Math.max(0,Math.min(1,(ox*dx+oy*dy+oz*dz)/l2)); const ex=ox-u*dx, ey=oy-u*dy, ez=oz-u*dz; const align=Math.abs(hx*dx+hy*dy+hz*dz)/(length||Math.sqrt(l2)); const cost=Math.sqrt(ex*ex+ey*ey+ez*ez)-.18*align; if(cost1n<>>0; function next(){ random=(Math.imul(random,1664525)+1013904223)>>>0; return random/4294967296; } function candidates(p){ const id=encode(p); if(cache.has(id)) return cache.get(id); const moves=[]; for(const d of directions){ const axis=axisOf(d), direction=heading(d,sign); let occupied=0n; for(let length=1;length<=3;length++){ const end=add(p,scale(d,length)); if(end.some((n,i)=>n<0 || n>limits[i])) break; if(same(end,target) && axis===2) break; const a=toWorld(p,sign),b=toWorld(end,sign); const contact=other?.get(key(b)); if(contact==='span' || (contact && contact.some(v=>dot(v,direction)<-.99))) break; occupied|=mask(end); const scoreKey=id*128+encode(end); if(!scores.has(scoreKey)) scores.set(scoreKey,steer(a,b,direction,guide)*length); const score=scores.get(scoreKey); moves.push({end,axis,direction,occupied,score,contact,length}); // A shared location is a joint, so the current piece must end here. if(contact || same(end,target)) break; } } cache.set(id,moves); return moves; } let active=[{tip:origin,axis:2,used:mask(origin),path:[origin],score:0,lifts:0,meets:0,middle:0,crest:false}]; const finished=[]; for(let i=0;i<25 && active.length;i++){ const fresh=[]; for(const state of active){ const atJoint=other?.get(key(toWorld(state.tip,sign))); for(const move of candidates(state.tip)){ if(move.axis===state.axis || (state.used&move.occupied)!==0n) continue; if(atJoint && atJoint.some(d=>dot(d,move.direction)>.99)) continue; const {end,axis,occupied}=move; const lifts=state.lifts+Number(axis===2); if(lifts>(volume?10:6)) continue; const middle=state.middle+Number(end[1]===3); const meets=state.meets+Number(Boolean(move.contact)); const ends=same(end,target); const crest=state.crest||end[2]===2; if(ends && (lifts<2 || (volume&&!crest) || (other?meets<2:middle<4))) continue; const gain=move.score-.56+.3*Number(axis===2)+.25*Number(axis===1)+ (volume?.bonus?.(state,move)||0)+ .48*Number(end[1]===3)+2.9*Number(Boolean(move.contact))+.58*(next()-.5); const result={tip:end,axis,used:state.used|occupied,path:[...state.path,end], score:state.score+gain,lifts,meets,middle,crest}; if(ends) finished.push(result); else fresh.push(result); } } fresh.sort((a,b)=>b.score-a.score); const groups=new Map(); active=fresh.filter(s=>{ const id=encode(s.tip)*3+s.axis, count=groups.get(id)||0; if(count>=5) return false; groups.set(id,count+1); return true; }).slice(0,104); } const paths=new Map(); for(const s of finished.sort((a,b)=>b.score-a.score)){ const id=s.path.join('|'); if(!paths.has(id)) paths.set(id,{...s,path:s.path.map(p=>toWorld(p,sign))}); if(paths.size===(other?1:volume?7:10)) break; } return [...paths.values()]; } function occupiedCenterline(path){ const index=new Map(); for(let i=1;i{ if(p[1]===0) index.set(key(p),[path[i-1],path[i+1]].filter(Boolean).map(n=>toward(p,n))); }); return index; } function sharedLayout(seed){ let selected=null; const scores=new Map(); for(const first of bayOptions(-1,seed)){ const [second]=bayOptions(1,seed,occupiedCenterline(first.path),scores); if(!second) continue; const score=first.score+second.score; if(!selected || score>selected.score) selected={first,second,score}; } if(!selected) throw Error('No connected canopy found for this seed.'); const route=[[-3,-3,.18],...selected.first.path,[3,-3,.24],[3,3,.24], ...selected.second.path,[-3,3,.18]]; return assembleSharedRoute(route); } function assembleSharedRoute(route){ const model=assembleRoute(route); const seen=new Map(), shared=[]; for(const [i,p] of route.entries()){ const id=key(p); if(seen.has(id)){ const first=seen.get(id); const arms=[...model.fittings[first].arms,...model.fittings[i].arms]; if(new Set(arms.map(arm=>key(arm.x))).size!==4) throw Error('Shared node needs four distinct faces.'); model.fittings[first].shared=true; model.fittings[i].omitCore=true; shared.push({first,second:i,center:p}); }else seen.set(id,i); } return {...model,shared}; } function sharedScene(model){ return [...model.spans.map(timber),...model.fittings.flatMap(fittingsAt),...supports(model)]; } const cornerAnchors=[[-3,-3,.18],[3,-3,.24],[3,3,.24],[-3,3,.18]]; const turningLevels=[1.28,1.51,1.73]; function supportGuide(foot){ const segments=[]; for(let i=1;ilow || b[2]>low || Math.hypot(a[0]-foot[0],a[1]-foot[1])>.65 || Math.hypot(b[0]-foot[0],b[1]-foot[1])>.65) continue; const d=subtract(b,a), l2=dot(d,d); if(l2>1e-9) segments.push({a,d,l2}); } return segments; } function supportOptions(foot,seed){ const [x,y]=foot, sx=-Math.sign(x), sy=-Math.sign(y); const guide=supportGuide(foot); let rng=seed>>>0; const noise=()=>{ rng=(Math.imul(rng,1664525)+1013904223)>>>0; return rng/4294967296-.5; }; const options=[]; for(const z of turningLevels){ const shoulder=[x,y,z]; const firstMoves=[[sx,0,0],[0,sy,0]]; for(const direction of firstMoves){ const elbow=add(shoulder,direction); // An optional second turn wraps the support in plan as well as in section. const turn=direction[0]?[0,sy,0]:[sx,0,0]; for(const moves of [[elbow],[elbow,add(elbow,turn)]]){ const last=moves.at(-1); const landing=[last[0],last[1],low]; const path=[foot,shoulder,...moves,landing]; const follow=path.slice(1).reduce((total,p,i)=>{ const a=path[i]; return total+steer(a,p,toward(a,p),guide); },0)/(path.length-1); const score=follow-.22*(moves.length-1)+1.5*noise(); options.push({path,score}); } } } return options.sort((a,b)=>b.score-a.score); } function localPoint(p,sign){ return [3-sign*p[0],3-sign*p[1],0]; } function spatialLayout(seed){ const variants=cornerAnchors.map((foot,i)=>supportOptions(foot,seed+2179*i)); let selected=null; for(let attempt=0;attempt<3 && !selected;attempt++){ const legs=variants.map((options,i)=>options[(attempt*(i+1))%options.length].path); const landings=legs.map(leg=>leg.at(-1)); const endpoints=sign=>{ const a=sign<0?0:2; return {start:localPoint(landings[a],sign),goal:localPoint(landings[a+1],sign)}; }; const scores=new Map(); for(const first of bayOptions(-1,seed,undefined,new Map(),endpoints(-1))){ const [second]=bayOptions(1,seed,occupiedCenterline(first.path),scores,endpoints(1)); if(!second) continue; const score=first.score+second.score; if(!selected || score>selected.score) selected={legs,first,second,score}; } } if(!selected) throw Error('No shared canopy could reach all four grown supports for this seed.'); const {legs,first,second}=selected; const route=[...legs[0].slice(0,-1),...first.path,...legs[1].toReversed().slice(1), ...legs[2].slice(0,-1),...second.path,...legs[3].toReversed().slice(1)]; const model=assembleSharedRoute(route); const supportKeys=new Set(legs.flatMap(leg=>leg.slice(1).map((p,i)=>[key(leg[i]),key(p)].sort().join('|')))); const supportSpans=[]; for(const [i,span] of model.spans.entries()){ const edge=[key(route[i]),key(route[i+1])].sort().join('|'); if(supportKeys.has(edge)){ span.usage='Stepped support'; supportSpans.push(i+1); } } return {...model,legs,supportSpans}; } // Keep the original guide, but allow each front into the other's half. const volume={ limits:[6,4,2], cell:([x,y,z])=>(x*5+y)*3+z, world:([x,y,z],sign)=>[sign*(3-x),sign*(3-y),round(low+z)], bonus:(state,move)=>{ const [,y,z]=move.end; const heightReward=z===2 ? .95+.12*Number(y>=2) : z===1?.34:0; return heightReward + .32*Number(y===4) + .32*Number(move.axis===2) - .12*Number(move.length>2); }, }; function coveredPoints(path){ const index=new Map(); for(let i=1;i{ index.set(key(p),i===0||i===path.length-1?'span': [toward(p,path[i-1]),toward(p,path[i+1])]); }); return index; } function volumetricLayout(seed){ const variants=cornerAnchors.map((foot,i)=>supportOptions(foot,seed+2179*i)); const northScores=new Map(), southScores=new Map(); let selected=null; for(let attempt=0;attempt<4 && !selected;attempt++){ const legs=variants.map((options,i)=>{ const path=options[(attempt*(i+1))%options.length].path.map(p=>[...p]); // A longer last riser can land at the middle tier when the guide and // continuation permit it. The two front endpoints are still fixed. if((seed+i*7+attempt)%5<2) path.at(-1)[2]=round(low+1); return path; }); const landings=legs.map(leg=>leg.at(-1)); const toLocal=(p,sign)=>[3-sign*p[0],3-sign*p[1],Math.round(p[2]-low)]; const ends=sign=>{ const i=sign<0?0:2; return {start:toLocal(landings[i],sign),goal:toLocal(landings[i+1],sign)}; }; const south=bayOptions(-1,seed,undefined,southScores,ends(-1),volume); for(const first of south){ const blocked=coveredPoints(first.path); if(landings.slice(2).some(p=>blocked.has(key(p)))) continue; const [second]=bayOptions(1,seed,blocked,northScores,ends(1),volume); if(!second || second.meets<3) continue; const contacts=second.path.filter(p=>Array.isArray(blocked.get(key(p)))); const spread=new Set(contacts.map(p=>p[1])).size; const heights=new Set(contacts.map(p=>p[2])).size; if(spread<2 || heights<2) continue; const score=first.score+second.score+spread+heights; if(!selected || score>selected.score) selected={legs,first,second,score}; } } if(!selected) throw Error('No volumetric canopy could link the four supports for this seed.'); const {legs,first,second}=selected; const route=[...legs[0].slice(0,-1),...first.path,...legs[1].toReversed().slice(1), ...legs[2].slice(0,-1),...second.path,...legs[3].toReversed().slice(1)]; const model=assembleSharedRoute(route); const supportEdges=new Set(legs.flatMap(leg=>leg.slice(1).map((p,i)=>[key(leg[i]),key(p)].sort().join('|')))); const supportSpans=[]; for(const [i,span] of model.spans.entries()){ if(!supportEdges.has([key(route[i]),key(route[i+1])].sort().join('|'))) continue; span.usage='Stepped support'; supportSpans.push(i+1); } return {...model,legs,supportSpans}; } // Each fork grows from an existing support joint and stops at a free canopy port. const branchAxes=[[1,0,0],[-1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,-1,0],[0,0,1]]; const edgeId=(a,b)=>[key(a),key(b)].sort().join('|'); const branchLength=(a,b)=>Math.hypot(...subtract(b,a)); const branchAxis=(a,b)=>axisOf(toward(a,b)); function reserveEdge(a,b){ return {a,b,box:a.map((v,i)=>[Math.min(v,b[i])-.196,Math.max(v,b[i])+.196])}; } function intersects(a,b){ // Orthogonal sockets can touch a common box on different faces. if([a.a,a.b].some(p=>[b.a,b.b].some(q=>same(p,q)))) return false; return a.box.every(([lo,hi],i)=>Math.min(hi,b.box[i][1])-Math.max(lo,b.box[i][0])>1e-6); } function directionAvailable(ports,a,b){ const d=toward(a,b); return !(ports.get(key(a))||[]).some(n=>same(n,d)); } function growForks(model,seed){ const {route,legs}=model; const supportEnds=new Set(legs.map(leg=>key(leg.at(-1)))); const trunkNodes=new Set(legs.flatMap(leg=>leg.slice(0,-1).map(key))); const targets=new Map(); route.forEach(p=>{ if(p[2]>=low && !trunkNodes.has(key(p)) && !supportEnds.has(key(p))) targets.set(key(p),p); }); const ports=new Map(); function occupy(a,b){ const id=key(a), d=toward(a,b); if(!ports.has(id)) ports.set(id,[]); ports.get(id).push(d); } const baseEdges=route.slice(1).map((b,i)=>{ const a=route[i]; occupy(a,b); occupy(b,a); return reserveEdge(a,b); }); const allOptions=legs.map((leg,owner)=>{ const [fx,fy]=leg[0]; const options=new Map(); const guides=field(Math.sign(fy)); const guidance=new Map(); function scoreEdge(a,b){ const id=edgeId(a,b); if(!guidance.has(id)) guidance.set(id,steer(a,b,toward(a,b),guides)); return guidance.get(id); } let states=leg.slice(1,-1).map(point=>({path:[point],edges:[],score:0,axis:-1})); for(let depth=0;depth<4 && states.length;depth++){ const next=[]; for(const state of states){ const a=state.path.at(-1); for(const direction of branchAxes){ const axis=axisOf(direction); if(state.axis===axis || !directionAvailable(ports,a,add(a,direction))) continue; const distances=axis===2?[low,high,round(low+2)].filter(z=>z-a[2]>=.995).map(z=>round(z-a[2])):[1,2]; for(const distance of distances){ const b=add(a,scale(direction,distance)).map(round), id=key(b), contact=targets.get(id); if(Math.abs(b[0])>3 || Math.abs(b[1])>3 || Math.sign(fx)*b[0]<-1 || Math.sign(fy)*b[1]<-1 || Math.abs(b[0]-fx)+Math.abs(b[1]-fy)>5 || state.path.some(p=>same(p,b))) continue; if((ports.has(id)&&!contact) || (contact&&!directionAvailable(ports,b,a))) continue; const edge=reserveEdge(a,b); if([...baseEdges,...state.edges].some(other=>intersects(edge,other))) continue; const cost=.43*distance+.18*(depth+1); const score=state.score+scoreEdge(a,b)*.44-cost; const result={owner,path:[...state.path,b],edges:[...state.edges,edge],axis,score}; if(contact){ const separated=branchLength(b,leg.at(-1)); if(separated<.99) continue; const rank=score+.50*Math.min(separated,3)+.14*(b[2]-low)+ .12*Math.sin(seed*7+owner*37+b[0]*15+b[1]*11+b[2]*8); const signature=[key(result.path[0]),id,key(toward(result.path[0],result.path[1]))].join('|'); if(!options.has(signature)||options.get(signature).scoreb.score-a.score).slice(0,48); } return [...options.values()].sort((a,b)=>b.score-a.score).slice(0,20); }); function compatible(a,b){ const root=a.path[0], otherRoot=b.path[0]; if(same(a.path.at(-1),b.path.at(-1))) return false; if(same(root,otherRoot)&&same(toward(root,a.path[1]),toward(root,b.path[1]))) return false; if(a.path.slice(1,-1).some(p=>b.path.some(q=>same(p,q))) || b.path.slice(1,-1).some(p=>same(p,root))) return false; return !a.edges.some(edge=>b.edges.some(other=>intersects(edge,other))); } const chosen=[]; function cover(owner){ if(owner===legs.length) return true; for(const option of allOptions[owner]){ if(!chosen.every(other=>compatible(option,other))) continue; chosen.push(option); if(cover(owner+1)) return true; chosen.pop(); } return false; } if(!cover(0)) throw Error('This seed did not find two separate canopy connections per support.'); for(const options of allOptions){ const extra=options.find(option=>chosen.every(other=>compatible(option,other))); if(extra) chosen.push(extra); } return chosen; } function addBranches(model,seed){ const branches=growForks(model,seed); const fittings=[...model.fittings]; const junctions=new Set(); const spans=[]; for(const branch of branches){ const {path,owner}=branch; const nodes=path.map((p,i)=>{ const ends=i===0||i===path.length-1; const arms=[path[i-1],path[i+1]].filter(Boolean).map(next=>{ const x=toward(p,next); const y=x[2]===0?up:[0,1,0]; return {x,y,z:cross(x,y),offset:nodeHalf,target:key(next)}; }); // The original core remains at each fork and canopy contact. if(ends) junctions.add(key(p)); const index=fittings.length; const fitting={center:p,arms,omitCore:ends}; fittings.push(fitting); return {fitting,index}; }); for(let i=1;iarm.target===key(path[i])); const bArm=b.fitting.arms.find(arm=>arm.target===key(path[i-1])); const x=aArm.x; spans.push({id:numbered('R',spans.length+1),usage:'Branch from support '+(owner+1), start:add(path[i-1],scale(x,nodeHalf)),end:add(path[i],scale(x,-nodeHalf)), length:round(branchLength(path[i-1],path[i])-2*nodeHalf),x,boltsA:aArm.y,boltsB:bArm.y, ports:[{index:a.index,arm:aArm},{index:b.index,arm:bArm}]}); } } return {...model,branches:branches.map(({path,owner})=>({path,owner})),branchSpans:spans, branchFittings:fittings.slice(model.fittings.length),branchJunctions:[...junctions]}; } function branchingLayout(seed){ return addBranches(volumetricLayout(seed),seed); } function run(inputs,controls={}){ const {seed=12,showGuide=false}=controls; if(!Number.isInteger(seed)||seed<1||seed>9999) throw Error('Use a whole-number seed from 1 to 9999.'); const model=branchingLayout(seed); const objects=[...sharedScene(model),...model.branchSpans.map(timber), ...model.branchFittings.flatMap((fitting,i)=>fittingsAt(fitting,i+model.fittings.length)), ...(showGuide?[guideMesh()]:[])]; for(const object of objects){ const vertices=[], indexed=new Map(); const remap=object.vertices.map(vertex=>{ const id=key(vertex); if(!indexed.has(id)){indexed.set(id,vertices.length);vertices.push(vertex);} return indexed.get(id); }); object.vertices=vertices; object.faces=object.faces.map(face=>face.map(index=>remap[index])); } return {version:2,units:'metres',objects}; } function drafting(){ const palette={ink:'#1c2637',soft:'#536172',light:'#d5dce5',blue:'#203ee5',teal:'#117970',wood:'#a66942',paper:'#f2f5fa'}; const sheets=[]; let e; const paper=[431.8,279.4]; const issueDate='11/13/2026'; const inch=n=>(n/25.4).toFixed(2)+'"'; function feetInches(millimetres){ const eighths=Math.round(Math.abs(millimetres)/25.4*8); const feet=Math.floor(eighths/96), whole=Math.floor(eighths/8)%12, remainder=eighths%8; const divisor=remainder%2?1:remainder%4?2:4; return (millimetres<0?'−':'')+feet+"'-"+whole+(remainder?' '+remainder/divisor+'/'+8/divisor:'')+'"'; } const path=(points,color=palette.ink,width=.23,fill)=>e.push({type:'path',points,color,width,closed:Boolean(fill),...(fill?{fill}:{})}); const line=(a,b,color,width)=>path([a,b],color,width); const box=(x,y,w,h,color=palette.light,fill)=>path([[x,y],[x+w,y],[x+w,y+h],[x,y+h],[x,y]],color,.22,fill); const text=(x,y,value,size=3,color=palette.ink)=>e.push({type:'text',at:[x,y],text:String(value),size,color}); function sheet(id,title,note,scale='AS SHOWN'){ e=[]; sheets.push({id,title,size:paper,elements:e}); box(8,7,415.8,265.4,palette.ink); text(16,11,'FORM FAMILIES / ONE-LINE PAVILION',3.1,palette.blue); text(16,20,title,7.2); text(16,32,note,3.05,palette.soft); text(272,12,'PRELIMINARY — NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION',4.3,'#a32928'); line([8,43],[423.8,43],palette.ink,.25); line([8,249],[423.8,249],palette.ink,.25); for(const x of [132,211,284,353,386]) line([x,249],[x,272.4],palette.ink,.22); text(14,252,'PROJECT / SHEET TITLE',2.15,palette.soft); text(14,257,'ONE-LINE PAVILION / BRANCHING TIMBER',3.0); text(14,263,title,3.1); text(138,252,'ISSUE / REV / DATE',2.15,palette.soft); text(138,257,'DESIGN REVIEW / 00',3.0); text(138,263,issueDate,3.0); text(217,252,'DRAWN / CHECKED',2.15,palette.soft); text(217,257,'RELAY / PENDING REVIEW',2.8); text(217,263,'SCALE: '+scale,2.65); text(290,252,'PROFESSIONAL SEAL',2.15,palette.soft); text(290,265,'RESERVED',2.6,palette.soft); text(357,252,'FORMAT',2.15,palette.soft); text(357,257,'ANSI B',2.75); text(357,263,'11 × 17 IN',2.55); text(390,251,'SHEET',2.15,palette.soft); text(390,256,id,5.1); text(390,265,String(sheets.length),2.45); return e; } return {sheets,sheet,path,line,box,text,palette,inch,feetInches,issueDate}; } function generate(inputs,controls){ const model=branchingLayout(inputs[0].seed); const d=drafting(); const {sheets,path,line,box,text,palette,inch,feetInches,issueDate}=d; let e; const sheet=(...args)=>{e=d.sheet(...args);}; const generalScale='1/8" = 1\'-0"'; const planFactor=1000/96; function scaleBar(x,y,scaleMm,feet){ const tick=304.8*scaleMm*feet/2; box(x,y,tick,1.6,palette.ink,palette.ink); box(x+tick,y,tick,1.6,palette.ink,'#ffffff'); for(const [i,label] of ['0',String(feet/2),feet+"'"].entries()) text(x+i*tick-1,y+2.1,label,2.4); } function bubble(x,y,letter){ const r=3.2; path(Array.from({length:21},(_,i)=>[x+r*Math.cos(i*Math.PI/10),y+r*Math.sin(i*Math.PI/10)]),palette.ink,.2,'#ffffff'); text(x-1,y-1.8,letter,2.6); } function dim(a,b,offset,label){ const horizontal=Math.abs(a[1]-b[1])<.01; const A=horizontal?[a[0],a[1]+offset]:[a[0]+offset,a[1]]; const B=horizontal?[b[0],b[1]+offset]:[b[0]+offset,b[1]]; line(a,A,palette.soft,.14);line(b,B,palette.soft,.14);line(A,B,palette.soft,.18); for(const [x,y] of [A,B])line([x-1.35,y+1.35],[x+1.35,y-1.35],palette.soft,.22); if(horizontal) text((A[0]+B[0])/2-4.5,A[1]-5,label,2.75); else text(A[0]+2,(A[1]+B[1])/2-1.8,label,2.75); } const route=model.route; const forks=model.branches; const main=route.slice(1).map((b,i)=>({a:route[i],b,role:model.spans[i].usage,order:i+1})); const forkEdges=forks.flatMap(({owner,path})=>path.slice(1).map((b,i)=>({a:path[i],b,role:'Fork',owner}))); const edges=[...main,...forkEdges]; const spans=[...model.spans,...model.branchSpans]; const feet=model.legs.map(leg=>leg[0]); const highlight={ 'Stepped support':palette.blue,Fork:palette.teal,'Low side return':'#8993a0',Canopy:palette.wood }; function plot(edges,projection,weight=1.5){ for(const {a,b,role} of edges) line(projection(a),projection(b),highlight[role],weight); } const xyz=(x,y,s)=>p=>[x+s*(.77*p[0]-.64*p[1]),y+s*(.35*p[0]+.42*p[1]-.88*p[2])]; const mm=n=>Math.round(n*1000); const id=(p,n)=>p+String(n).padStart(2,'0'); const tag=(p,name)=>{ box(p[0]-2,p[1]-2,4,4,palette.blue,'#ffffff'); text(p[0]+3,p[1]-2,name,2.75,palette.blue); }; sheet('G-002','Drawing index and design notes','Design review set / Form Families workbook', 'NTS'); const index=[['G-002','Drawing index and design notes'], ['A-101','Setting out and canopy plans'],['A-201','Elevations and datum levels'], ['A-601','Assembly scheme'],['S-501','Beam, socket and elbow'],['S-502','Fork and landing joints'], ['S-503','Base and socket sections'],['S-504','Connector axonometrics'], ...Array.from({length:Math.ceil(spans.length/40)},(_,i)=>['S-'+(601+i),'Beam schedule '+(i+1)])]; text(21,58,'DRAWING INDEX',4.1,palette.blue); index.forEach(([id,title],i)=>text(21,69+i*8,id+' '+title,3.2)); text(21,170,'ISSUE RECORD',4.1,palette.blue); line([21,184],[193,184],palette.light); text(21,178,'REV',2.65);text(44,178,'DATE',2.65);text(82,178,'DESCRIPTION',2.65); text(21,189,'00',3);text(44,189,issueDate,3);text(82,189,'Issued for design review',3); text(21,212,'PROJECT LOCATION / AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION',3.25,palette.blue); text(21,223,'Site and permitting jurisdiction to be assigned.',3.1); text(222,58,'DESIGN AND DRAWING NOTES',4.1,palette.blue); const notes=[ '01 The pavilion is a workbook design study.', '02 Overall dimensions use feet and inches, rounded to 1/8 in.', '03 Component dimensions use decimal inches. Metric model values', ' govern the geometric study, including the 300 × 300 mm beams.', '04 Check the graphic scales. Print at 100% on 11 × 17 in paper.', '05 The arrow indicates project north. Survey orientation is pending.', '06 Verify structural design, site loads, foundations and erection.', '07 Joint dimensions describe the model. Confirm welds, fastener', ' specification, tolerances and drainage during engineering.', ]; notes.forEach((note,i)=>text(222,70+i*8.1,note,2.85)); text(222,155,'SYMBOLS AND GROWTH',4.1,palette.blue); const legend=[['Stepped support','Main support run'],['Fork','Branch to a free canopy socket'],['Canopy','Canopy beam'],['Low side return','Low side return']]; legend.forEach(([role,label],i)=>{ line([222,169+i*8],[234,169+i*8],highlight[role],1); text(240,167+i*8,label,2.9); }); text(222,205,'The guide steers a search over grid points and straight spans.',2.95); text(222,213,'Accepted spans become timber beams and socket connections.',2.95); text(222,221,'Branches reserve member clearance and dock at free faces.',2.95); text(222,229,'See A-601 for the assembly diagram and S-502 for contact locations.',2.95); sheet('A-101','Setting out and canopy plans','Anchor setout and three canopy levels / '+generalScale,generalScale); const plans=[[112,96],[305,96],[112,197],[305,197]]; plans.forEach(([x,y],i)=>{ const scale=planFactor; const plan=([px,py])=>[x+px*scale,y-py*scale]; const z=[null,low,high,round(low+2)][i]; const heading=i===0?'1 ANCHOR SETOUT':(i+1)+' CANOPY AT +'+feetInches(mm(z)); text(x-68,y-3*scale-11,heading,3.1,palette.blue); const [x0,y0]=plan([-3,3]); box(x0,y0,6*scale,6*scale,palette.light); for(const f of feet){const [a,b]=plan(f);box(a-2,b-2,4,4,palette.soft,'#ffffff');} if(i===0){ plot(main.filter(edge=>edge.role==='Low side return'),plan); feet.forEach((f,j)=>tag(plan(f),id('S',j+1))); dim(plan([-3,-3]),plan([3,-3]),5,feetInches(6000)); dim(plan([-3,3]),plan([-3,-3]),-16,feetInches(6000)); for(const [gx,label] of [[-3,'1'],[3,'2']]) bubble(plan([gx,3])[0],y0-4,label); for(const [gy,label] of [[-3,'A'],[3,'B']]) bubble(x0-26,plan([-3,gy])[1],label); line([185,90],[185,70],palette.ink,.35); path([[182,76],[185,70],[188,76]],palette.ink,.3,palette.ink); text(183.8,64,'N',3.0); text(171,94,'PROJECT NORTH',2.4); }else{ plot(edges.filter(({a,b})=>a[2]===z&&b[2]===z),plan,2.9); for(const f of model.shared.filter(f=>f.center[2]===z)){ const [a,b]=plan(f.center); box(a-1.3,b-1.3,2.6,2.6,palette.ink,palette.ink); } forks.forEach(({path,owner})=>{const p=path.at(-1);if(p[2]===z)tag(plan(p),id('S',owner+1));}); } const [barX,barY]=plan([3,-3]); scaleBar(barX+8,barY-6,scale/1000,8); text(barX+8,barY+2,generalScale,2.4,palette.soft); }); const elevationScale='1/4" = 1\'-0"'; sheet('A-201','Elevations and datum levels','Orthographic member profiles / '+elevationScale,elevationScale); const solids=elevationSolids(); for(const [row,axis] of [0,1].entries()){ const x=104+row*197,y=178,s=planFactor*2; const project=p=>[x+p[axis]*s,y-p[2]*s]; text(x-61,65,row===0?'SOUTH ELEVATION':'EAST ELEVATION',3.5,palette.blue); for(const z of [0,low,high,round(low+2)]){ line([x-73,y-z*s],[x+72,y-z*s],palette.light,.16); text(x+74,y-z*s-2,z?'+'+feetInches(mm(z)):"0'-0\"",2.7,palette.soft); } meshAxo(solids,project,row===0?[0,-1,0]:[1,0,0],.17); dim([x-3*s,y],[x+3*s,y],12,feetInches(6000)); scaleBar(x+20,212,s/1000,8); } text(22,229,'Timber glulam in ochre; steel sleeves, node boxes and pedestals in blue gray.',3.1,palette.soft); text(22,238,'Visible member faces and connector envelopes. See S-501 and S-504 for fastener and socket details.',3.0,palette.soft); function meshAxo(meshes,project,direction,width=.16){ const polygons=[]; for(const mesh of meshes) for(const face of mesh.faces){ const points=face.map(i=>mesh.vertices[i]); const n=cross(subtract(points[1],points[0]),subtract(points[2],points[0])); if(dot(n,direction)<=1e-9) continue; const lighting=dot(unit(n),unit([-.3,-.5,1])); const shade=.9+.24*lighting; const fill='#'+mesh.color.slice(1).match(/../g).map(v=>Math.min(255,Math.round(parseInt(v,16)*shade)).toString(16).padStart(2,'0')).join(''); const depth=points.reduce((sum,p)=>sum+dot(p,direction),0)/points.length; polygons.push({depth,points:points.map(project),fill,stroke:mesh.stroke||fill}); } polygons.sort((a,b)=>a.depth-b.depth).forEach(f=>path(f.points,f.stroke,width,f.fill)); } const axDirection=[.64*.88,.77*.88,.77*.42+.64*.35]; function beamBox(span,tint,length=span.length,stroke=palette.ink){ const mesh=body(span.id,tint); mesh.stroke=stroke; const h=timberSide/2; block(mesh,0,length,-h,h,-h,h); return place(mesh,span.start,span.x,span.boltsA,cross(span.x,span.boltsA)); } function jointBox(center,tint,half=nodeHalf){ const mesh=body('Joint',tint); mesh.stroke=palette.ink; block(mesh,-half,half,-half,half,-half,half); return place(mesh,center,[1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1]); } function elevationSolids(){ const beamMeshes=spans.map(span=>beamBox(span,'#e7b789',span.length,'#77583d')); const connectorMeshes=[...model.fittings,...model.branchFittings].flatMap(({center,arms,omitCore})=>{ const core=arms.length===2&&!omitCore?[jointBox(center,'#677c93')]:[]; return [...core,...arms.map(arm=>{ const m=body('Steel sleeve','#95a8bd'); m.stroke='#293b4b'; const h=throatHalf+plate; block(m,arm.offset,arm.offset+socketDepth,-h,h,-h,h); return place(m,center,arm.x,arm.y,arm.z); })]; }); const pedestals=supports(model).map(m=>({...m,color:'#95a8bd',stroke:'#293b4b'})); return [...beamMeshes,...connectorMeshes,...pedestals]; } function leader(a,b,label,align='right'){ line(a,b,palette.ink,.2); box(a[0]-.45,a[1]-.45,.9,.9,palette.ink,palette.ink); text(align==='right'?b[0]+2:b[0]-label.length*1.7-4,b[1]-2.1,label,2.85); } sheet('A-601','Axonometric assembly scheme','Centerline growth sequence and model-derived member volumes','NTS'); const panels=[{x:110,y:137,role:'foot',label:'1 SET OUT THE FOUR ANCHORS'}, {x:310,y:137,role:'support',label:'2 GROW THE MAIN SUPPORT RUNS'}, {x:110,y:221,role:'main',label:'3 CLOSE THE TWO CANOPY ROUTES'}, {x:310,y:221,role:'all',label:'4 DOCK THE SUPPORT FORKS'}]; for(const {x,y,role,label} of panels){ const p=xyz(x,y-11,9); text(x-82,y-72,label,3.1,palette.blue); if(role==='support')plot(main.filter(m=>m.role==='Stepped support'),p,1.2); if(role==='main')plot(main,p,1.15); if(role==='all'){ const memberSolids=spans.map(span=>beamBox(span,span.usage.startsWith('Branch')?'#328e83':'#c28b5e')); const unique=new Map(edges.flatMap(({a,b})=>[[key(a),a],[key(b),b]])); meshAxo([...memberSolids,...[...unique.values()].map(v=>jointBox(v,'#6f7e90'))],p,axDirection,.13); leader(p(forks[0].path.at(-1)),[368,169],'S-502'); leader(p(forks.find(fork=>fork.owner===1).path[0]),[368,192],'S-504'); } feet.forEach((f,i)=>{ const [a,b]=p(f); if(role!=='all')tag([a,b],id('S',i+1)); else text(a+3,b+1,id('S',i+1),2.75,palette.blue); }); } text(18,240,'Diagram shows growth order. See S-502 for junctions. Engineer temporary support and erection sequencing.',3,palette.soft); const detailScale='1 1/2" = 1\'-0"'; const shrinkView=(start,origin,ratio)=>{ const convert=p=>p.map((n,i)=>origin[i]+(n-origin[i])*ratio); for(const element of e.slice(start)){ if(element.type==='path') element.points=element.points.map(convert); else element.at=convert(element.at); } }; sheet('S-501','Beam, socket and elbow','Nominal model geometry / dimensions in decimal inches'); text(20,56,'T1 GLULAM SECTION / '+detailScale,3.4,palette.blue); let viewStart=e.length; box(32,84,60,60,palette.wood,'#f4e2d4'); dim([32,84],[92,84],-8,inch(300)); dim([32,84],[32,144],-10,inch(300)); shrinkView(viewStart,[39,91],.625); text(24,135,'Square-cut ends. See S-601 and S-602 for lengths.',2.95,palette.soft); text(147,56,'C1 SOCKET AND DRILL PATTERN / '+detailScale,3.4,palette.blue); viewStart=e.length; const x=168,y=88; box(x-34,y,34,66,palette.ink,'#c9d2df'); box(x,y,58,66,palette.ink,'#e1e6ee'); box(x,y+3,87,60,palette.wood,'#f4e2d4'); line([x-35,y+33],[x+101,y+33],palette.soft,.18); for(const pos of [25,45]){ const px=x+pos,py=y+33,r=2.4; path(Array.from({length:17},(_,i)=>[px+r*Math.cos(i*Math.PI/8),py+r*Math.sin(i*Math.PI/8)]),palette.blue,.28); line([px,py-5],[px,py+5],palette.soft,.15); } dim([x,y],[x+58,y],-11,inch(290)); dim([x,y+66],[x+25,y+66],10,inch(125)); dim([x+25,y+66],[x+45,y+66],10,inch(100)); shrinkView(viewStart,[167,88],.625); for(const [i,[value,label]] of [[330,'Sleeve outside'],[306,'Clear opening'],[12,'Plate thickness'],[24,'Hole diameter'],[20,'Bolt shank diameter'],[3,'Bearing shim']].entries()){ text(262,79+i*8,inch(value)+' '+label,3.15); } text(20,153,'C2 WELDED ELBOW / 1" = 1\'-0"',3.4,palette.blue); viewStart=e.length; box(35,177,34,34,palette.ink,'#c9d2df'); box(69,177.5,29,33,palette.ink,'#e1e6ee'); box(35.5,211,33,29,palette.ink,'#e1e6ee'); dim([35,177],[69,177],-9,inch(340)); shrinkView(viewStart,[35,177],5/6); text(120,173,'Two '+inch(290)+' sockets meet a '+inch(340)+' box on perpendicular faces.',3.25); text(120,186,'Beam end faces seat at the steel box. Bolt axes run through both cheeks.',3.25); text(120,199,'See S-502 for additional socket faces at forks and canopy joints.',3.25); text(120,219,'Plate, fastener and weld capacities require structural verification.',3.25,palette.soft); sheet('S-502','Fork and landing joints','Socket directions from the model / axonometric','NTS'); const all=model.branches; const examples=[{p:all.find(branch=>branch.owner===1).path[0],x:106,label:'C3 SUPPORT FORK'}, {p:all[0].path.at(-1),x:209,label:'C4 FORK LANDING'}, {p:model.shared[0].center,x:312,label:'C5 SHARED CANOPY NODE'}]; examples.forEach(({p,x,label})=>{ const projected=v=>xyz(x,139,24)(subtract(v,p)); const around=edges.filter(({a,b})=>key(a)===key(p)||key(b)===key(p)); const detail=around.map(({a,b,role})=>{ const other=key(a)===key(p)?b:a; return {a:p,b:add(p,scale(toward(p,other),1.12)),role}; }); text(x-43,73,label,3.3,palette.blue); plot(detail,projected,3); box(x-4,135,8,8,palette.ink,'#435365'); text(x-43,166,'XYZ '+p.map(v=>feetInches(mm(v))).join(' / '),2.85,palette.soft); text(x-43,176,around.length+' occupied socket faces',3.2); }); line([20,192],[400,192],palette.light); text(20,198,'CONTACTS BY SUPPORT / XYZ FROM MODEL ORIGIN',3.5,palette.blue); model.legs.forEach((leg,i)=>{ const locations=[leg.at(-1),...forks.filter(b=>b.owner===i).map(b=>b.path.at(-1))]; text(20,209+i*8,id('S',i+1)+' '+locations.map(p=>'('+p.map(v=>feetInches(mm(v))).join(', ')+')').join(' / '),2.85); }); sheet('S-503','Base and socket sections','Nominal model geometry / dimensions in decimal inches',detailScale); text(23,58,'C6 TERMINAL PEDESTAL',3.4,palette.blue); text(215,58,'C3 / C4 / C5 TYPICAL SOCKET SECTION',3.4,palette.blue); viewStart=e.length; box(35,213.2,100,4.8,palette.ink,'#aebaca'); box(62,186.8,46,26.4,palette.ink,'#cad3df'); box(52,182,66,4.8,palette.ink,'#aebaca'); box(55,105,60,77,palette.wood,'#f4e2d4'); box(52,124,2.4,58,palette.ink,'#aebaca'); box(115.6,124,2.4,58,palette.ink,'#aebaca'); dim([35,218],[135,218],15,inch(500)); dim([62,204],[108,204],-5,inch(230)); dim([35,218],[35,182],-9,inch(180)); dim([135,218],[135,213.2],15,inch(24)); shrinkView(viewStart,[42,74],.625); text(25,190,'The return-side bases carry the two low elbows.',3.2); text(25,203,'Anchor bolts and foundation sizes require engineering.',3.0,palette.soft); const outerX=235,outerY=105; viewStart=e.length; box(outerX,outerY,66,66,palette.ink,'#b9c6d5'); box(outerX+2.4,outerY+2.4,61.2,61.2,palette.ink,'#ffffff'); box(outerX+3,outerY+3,60,60,palette.wood,'#f4e2d4'); box(outerX+4,outerY+63,58,.6,palette.ink,'#b9c6d5'); dim([outerX,outerY],[outerX+66,outerY],-12,inch(330)); dim([outerX,outerY],[outerX,outerY+66],-12,inch(330)); line([outerX-2,outerY+33],[outerX+76,outerY+33],palette.blue,.35); shrinkView(viewStart,[outerX,outerY],.625); text(318,103,inch(12)+' Sleeve walls',3.1); text(318,114,inch(306)+' Clear opening',3.1); text(318,125,inch(300)+' Timber section',3.1); text(318,136,inch(3)+' Bearing shim',3.1); text(318,161,'Bolt axis in blue',3.1,palette.blue); text(214,174,'See S-502 for socket orientations at the junctions.',3.2); text(214,186,'See S-501 for hole positions from the beam end.',3.2); text(214,211,'Shared nodes use free faces of the same box.',3.1); text(214,223,'Allow for access to bolts, drainage and timber movement.',3.05,palette.soft); sheet('S-504','Connector axonometrics','C3 support fork / installed and exploded detail from the model','NTS'); const pivot=examples[0].p; const primary=model.fittings.map((f,i)=>({f,i})).filter(({f})=>same(f.center,pivot)); const secondary=model.branchFittings.map((f,i)=>({f,i:i+model.fittings.length})).filter(({f})=>same(f.center,pivot)); const joint=[...primary,...secondary]; const jointParts=joint.flatMap(({f,i})=>fittingsAt(f,i)); const nearby=spans.filter(span=>[span.start,span.end].some(v=>Math.abs(Math.hypot(...subtract(v,pivot))-nodeHalf)<1e-5)); function stub(span,distance=0){ const atStart=Math.hypot(...subtract(span.start,pivot))xyz(103,133,65)(subtract(v,pivot)); const jp2=v=>xyz(306,128,54)(subtract(v,pivot)); const pullback=.54; meshAxo([...jointParts,...nearby.map(v=>stub(v))],jp1,axDirection,.19); meshAxo([...jointParts.filter(part=>!part.name.includes('Through-bolts')), ...nearby.map(v=>stub(v,pullback))],jp2,axDirection,.19); for(const {f} of joint) for(const arm of f.arms){ const x=arm.x; const a=jp2(add(pivot,scale(x,nodeHalf+socketDepth))),b=jp2(add(pivot,scale(x,nodeHalf+pullback))); line(a,b,palette.blue,.28); } const forkArm=secondary[0].f.arms[0]; const shownArm=joint.flatMap(({f})=>f.arms).find(arm=>arm.x[2]===0&&dot(arm.x,axDirection)>0)||forkArm; annotate(jp1(add(pivot,scale(shownArm.x,nodeHalf+.6))),119,84,'300 × 300 mm glulam'); annotate(jp1(add(add(pivot,scale(shownArm.x,nodeHalf+drillStations[0])),scale(shownArm.y,Math.sign(dot(shownArm.y,axDirection))*.179))),124,181,'Through-bolt'); annotate(jp2(pivot),219,177,'Welded steel box'); annotate(jp2(add(pivot,scale(forkArm.x,nodeHalf+socketDepth))),349,91,'Socket mouth'); text(24,205,'Timber stubs shortened for clarity. / Dimensions: S-501 and S-503.',3.05,palette.soft); text(216,209,'Timber pulled back along socket axes; through-bolts removed.',3.05,palette.soft); line([24,219],[409,219],palette.light,.18); text(24,230,'C3 fork location and the complete support contact list are shown on S-502.',3.1,palette.soft); const schedulePages=Math.ceil(spans.length/40); for(let page=0;pagetext(columns[i],57,s,3.15,palette.blue)); rows.forEach((row,i)=>{ const y=63+i*4.58; if(i%2===0)box(17,y-.2,397,4.4,palette.paper,palette.paper); const indexing=Math.abs(dot(row.boltsA,row.boltsB))>.5?'Same faces':'Quarter turn'; [row.id,row.usage,inch(mm(row.length)),row.start.map(v=>feetInches(mm(v))).join(' / '),row.end.map(v=>feetInches(mm(v))).join(' / '),indexing] .forEach((s,j)=>text(columns[j],y,s,2.48)); }); } return {version:1,kind:'drawing-layout',title:'One-Line Pavilion · Branching timber drawings',sheets}; }